Pharmacovigilance
Definition
The ongoing collection and assessment of safety information after a drug is on the market, where rare events that a trial of a few thousand participants could never have detected first appear.
What this means for research sourcing
Volta compounds are research chemicals not intended for human consumption; safety terminology here is provided for research literacy.
Related Terms in Clinical & Safety
Tolerability
How well the unwanted effects of a compound are put up with, as distinct from how safe it is. Nausea rarely threatens anybody and routinely ends participation, which is why trials report discontinuation rates alongside adverse events.
Contraindication
A circumstance in which a treatment should not be used. An absolute contraindication rules it out entirely; a relative one means the balance has to be weighed. Both are statements found on a label.
Black Box Warning
The most serious warning the FDA can require on a label, set in a box at the top for risks that can lead to death or serious injury. GLP-1 receptor agonists carry one for thyroid C-cell tumours, on the basis of rodent findings.
Therapeutic Window
The span between the smallest amount that produces an effect on the dose-response curve and the amount at which toxicity appears. A narrow window is what forces concentration monitoring in clinical use.
Drug Interaction
A change in one drug's effect caused by another drug, by food or by a supplement. Compounds that slow gastric emptying can alter how fast an oral medicine is absorbed, which is a pharmacokinetic interaction rather than a pharmacodynamic one.
Washout Period
The interval left for a compound to clear before something else begins, conventionally five half-lives. Crossover trials are built around it, because carry-over from the first arm would contaminate the second.
Immunogenicity
The tendency of an administered peptide or protein to provoke an antibody response. Trials report it routinely, because antibodies can blunt a drug's effect and, less often, cause reactions of their own.
Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA)
Antibodies the immune system raises against an administered peptide or protein. Neutralising ADA can cancel the effect of a biologic entirely, so assays for them are part of the standard safety package.