Neurogenesis
Definition
The formation of new neurons. In adult mammals it is confined to a few regions, and how much of it happens in adult humans is still contested, which is worth holding in mind when reading nootropic peptide claims.
What this means for research sourcing
Cell-biology terms provide context for interpreting peptide research at the cellular level. See how these concepts apply to compounds Volta supplies for study.
Related Terms in Cell Biology
Satellite Cells
Muscle stem cells sitting between the sarcolemma and the basement membrane of a fibre. Damage or mechanical load activates them and they fuse to repair the fibre. MGF is studied for its role in that activation.
Fibroblast
The connective-tissue cell that produces collagen and the rest of the extracellular matrix. Most cosmetic and healing peptide evidence is a measurement of what fibroblasts do in culture rather than a clinical outcome.
Collagen
The most abundant structural protein in skin, tendon and bone, a triple helix rich in glycine and proline. Claims made for cosmetic peptides generally rest on measured collagen synthesis by fibroblasts.
Elastin
The matrix protein that lets skin and vessel walls stretch and recoil. It is laid down mostly early in life and replaced poorly afterwards, which is why its loss is harder to reverse than collagen's.
Extracellular Matrix
The scaffold of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans and glycoproteins that cells sit in and attach to. Repair is a matter of remodelling it, so matrix turnover is the common language of wound and skin research.
Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)
A family of zinc-dependent enzymes that cut extracellular matrix proteins, collagen included. Controlled MMP activity is necessary for remodelling; sustained excess is degradation, which is what enzyme-inhibitor peptides are formulated against.
Wound Healing
The staged repair sequence of clotting, inflammation, new tissue formation and remodelling that follows injury. Animal wound models are the dominant evidence base for the healing peptides, and the staging is why a result at one time point says little about another.
Telomere
The repetitive DNA cap at the end of a chromosome, which shortens a little with each division. Telomere length is a popular and heavily disputed marker of biological ageing.