Gastric Emptying
Definition
How fast stomach contents pass into the small intestine. GLP-1 and amylin signalling slow it, which blunts post-meal glucose rises and prolongs fullness, and which also accounts for much of the nausea recorded in incretin trials.
Terms used in this definition
Other entries this definition refers to.
Where this term comes up
Entries whose definition mentions Gastric Emptying.
What this means for research sourcing
Mechanistic terms like this describe how research compounds behave in vitro. See the mechanism overviews for compounds Volta stocks.
Related Terms in Pharmacology
Satiety
The state of fullness that ends a meal and delays the next one, as distinct from the absence of hunger. Appetite-acting peptides are generally described in trials as increasing satiety rather than as suppressing hunger.
Nootropic
A label for a compound studied for effects on memory, attention or neuroprotection. It names an area of investigation rather than an established property, and in peptide work the evidence behind it is mostly rodent studies of BDNF and CREB signalling.
Body Composition
How body weight divides between fat mass and fat-free mass. Two interventions can produce the same change in total weight with very different composition behind it, which is why studies increasingly report the split rather than the total alone.
Lean Body Mass
Everything in the body that is not fat: muscle, bone, organs and water. Studies report it beside total weight because a substantial reduction in body weight from any cause takes some of it along.
Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT)
Fat held deep in the abdomen around the organs, as distinct from the layer directly under the skin. It is quantified by imaging rather than by a tape measure, and it is the endpoint the tesamorelin trials were built on.
Lipolysis
The breakdown of stored triglyceride into free fatty acids and glycerol. It is the measured endpoint behind a good deal of metabolic peptide work, including studies of HGH fragment 176-191 and AOD-9604.
Energy Expenditure
Total energy used over a day, made up of resting metabolism, the thermic effect of food and physical activity. Glucagon-receptor activity is one of the few peptide mechanisms proposed in trials to raise it directly rather than by reducing intake.
Insulin Resistance
A state in which muscle, liver and fat respond poorly to insulin, so more of it is needed to keep glucose in range. It is the physiological backdrop to most metabolic endpoints reported in this field.