Adipotide 5mg Peptide
For in-vitro laboratory research only. Not for human or animal administration.
Batch #: VPAD5100
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Research Use Only
For in-vitro laboratory research by qualified professionals only. Not for human or animal administration. Not a drug, food, cosmetic or dietary supplement. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate or prevent any disease. Batch-specific Certificates of Analysis available for all products.
Adipotide (FTPP) 5mg: overview
What the vial contains and what the material is, stated as specifications rather than as outcomes.
Adipotide (FTPP) supplied as a lyophilized powder in a sealed single-use vial containing 5 mg of material. Adipotide (FTPP): molecular weight 3,200 g/mol. Released to a specification of >99% purity by HPLC. Soluble in bacteriostatic water. Supplied for in-vitro laboratory research only. Not a drug, food or supplement. Not for human or veterinary use.
Volta does not provide dosing, administration or protocol guidance for any material listed.
Adipotide (FTPP) 5mg specifications
Every field the product record holds. A field with no value is omitted rather than printed as a dash.
- Fill
- 5mg
- Form
- Lyophilized powder
- Molecular weight
- 3,200 g/mol
- Solubility
- Soluble in bacteriostatic water
- Shelf life
- 24 months from date of manufacture
Adipotide analytical verification and batch documentation
What the purity figure on this page is, who measured what, and which of the two a reader is looking at.
Specification. Every batch is released to >99% purity by HPLC. That is a threshold Volta sets, and it is a promise rather than a measurement.
Measurement. No certificate for this compound is published on the site yet. A batch-specific Certificate of Analysis is available on request, and the batch history lists the ones already published. Until one is published for this material, the figure above is the release specification and nothing on this page is a laboratory result.
Checking a certificate. The batch number printed beside the price is derived from the compound code and the vial strength; the lot number on a certificate is transcribed from the document. They are produced independently, so comparing them is a real check. How to read one is set out in the quality and testing methodology page.
For in-vitro laboratory research by qualified professionals only. Not for human or animal administration. Not a drug, food, cosmetic or dietary supplement. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate or prevent any disease.
Adipotide works on an unusual premise: rather than acting on adipocytes, it targets the blood vessels that supply them. The homing sequence binds prohibitin on white adipose vasculature endothelium, and the attached KLAKLAK domain then disrupts mitochondrial membranes in those cells, causing vascular regression and secondary adipocyte loss. It is a cytotoxic construct by design, which is the central consideration in handling it, and renal toxicity terminated the primate work that produced its best-known results. Strictly a laboratory research material.
- Released to a >99% purity specification by HPLC
- Lyophilized powder, 5mg per vial
- Soluble in bacteriostatic water
- For laboratory research use only
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Adipotide (FTPP) 5mg: what is in the vial
The arithmetic specific to this 5mg vial, and what a milligram of Adipotide (FTPP) costs in each strength the catalogue carries. Concentrations are stated, not recommended.
Vial contents
5 mg
Lyophilised powder, reconstituted by the buyer
Cost of material
$12.80 / mg USD
CA$18.40 / mg in Canadian dollars
Concentration at each diluent volume
5 mg of dry material reaches these concentrations in the volumes below. A U-100 syringe marking is 0.01 ml by definition, so the last column is a unit conversion at each concentration rather than a quantity to use.
| Diluent added | Concentration | In 0.1 ml | Per U-100 unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 ml | 5 mg/ml | 500 mcg | 50 mcg |
| 2 ml | 2.5 mg/ml | 250 mcg | 25 mcg |
| 3 ml | 1.67 mg/ml | 166.7 mcg | 16.7 mcg |
| 5 ml | 1 mg/ml | 100 mcg | 10 mcg |
For a volume this table does not list, the reconstitution calculator takes any vial size and diluent volume.
Adipotide (FTPP) purity and identity: how the figure is measured
What >99% (HPLC) means, the masses an identity check has to land on, and the entries that make a certificate of analysis checkable rather than decorative.
Stated purity
>99% (HPLC)
Area percent of the main peak by reversed-phase HPLC
Average mass
3,200 g/mol
The figure an identity check has to land on
Detection
214 nm
Identity by mass: the ions to expect
An electrospray source protonates the molecule rather than weighing it neutral, so a spectrum shows a series of charge states rather than the molecular weight itself. These are the m/z values 3,200 g/mol produces, and they are what a mass spectrum on a certificate for Adipotide (FTPP) has to match.
| Ion | Charge | Expected m/z |
|---|---|---|
| [M+H]+ | 1+ | 3,201.01 |
| [M+2H]2+ | 2+ | 1,601.01 |
A peptide this size is normally reported at its doubly and triply charged states, and the singly charged ion may not appear at usable intensity at all. A spectrum showing only one of these is not a failed identity check.
Why 214 nm
The sequence carries neither tryptophan nor tyrosine, so it has no absorbance at 280 nm. Detection is at 214 nm, on the peptide bond itself.
This matters when reading someone else's certificate: a purity figure quoted at 280 nm for a compound with no aromatic residue is measuring an absorbance the molecule does not have.
What a certificate for Adipotide (FTPP) should carry
A purity percentage on its own is not checkable. These are the entries that make one verifiable, and their absence is the most common weakness in a research-peptide certificate.
The chromatogram, not only the number
A stated area percent with no trace behind it cannot be read for the shape of the main peak or for what eluted beside it. The HPLC interpreter walks through what a trace shows.
Net peptide content, separately from gross mass
A lyophilised peptide is a salt, usually of trifluoroacetic or acetic acid, plus residual water. The vial's stated milligrams are gross; net peptide content is the fraction of that mass which is the molecule. The two differ by ten to twenty percent routinely, and only one of them is what the price is per milligram of. The net peptide content calculator converts between them.
The counterion, named
Which salt form the powder is in changes the net content and the pH the powder dissolves at. A certificate that never names it leaves both unknowable.
Water content, by a stated method
Loss on drying and Karl Fischer titration give different numbers, and a water figure with no method attached cannot be compared with anyone else's.
A laboratory and a report identifier
Without both, nothing on the document can be traced back to the laboratory that issued it. The red flag checker lists the rest.
Batch certificates are published as page images in the certificate library. The source PDFs are never served: a certificate is the most forgeable document a supplier publishes, and an editable copy carrying an accredited laboratory's letterhead is worth more to a counterfeiter than to a customer.
Adipotide (FTPP) storage and stability
Handling as the product record states it, followed by the degradation chemistry this particular sequence is and is not exposed to.
Handling
Store lyophilized peptide at -20°C in a dry, dark environment. Reconstitute in bacteriostatic water. Once reconstituted, store at 2-8°C and use within 30 days. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Lyophilized powder is stable at room temperature for shipping and short-term storage.
What holds up
The degradation routes this compound is not exposed to, which is as specific a fact as the ones it is.
No oxidation-labile side chain
no Met, Cys or Trp in the sequenceThe three residues that oxidise readily are all absent, so the most common degradation route for a research peptide does not apply to this one. Air in the vial headspace is not the risk here that it is for a methionine-containing compound.
No deamidation site
no Asn or Gln in the sequenceDeamidation is the slow clock on most reconstituted peptides, and it needs an asparagine or a glutamine to run. This sequence has neither, so time in solution does not convert it to a one-dalton-heavier, more acidic relative.
No ultraviolet chromophore
no Trp or Tyr in the sequencePhoto-oxidation of peptides runs mainly through the aromatic side chains, and this sequence has none. Storing in the dark remains good practice for the excipients and the diluent, but the molecule itself has no strong absorber for ultraviolet light to act on.
Net hydrophilic
GRAVY -0.07A negative grand average of hydropathy means the side chains are on balance polar, which is the profile that stays in solution rather than associating. Freeze-thaw cycles are still worth avoiding, but this compound is not one of the hydrophobic sequences that aggregate irreversibly at an ice front.
Solubility window
calculated pI 10.9, net charge 3 at pH 7A peptide is least soluble within about a pH unit of its isoelectric point, where it carries no net charge. This one is far enough from neutral that it holds a real charge in an ordinary diluent, which is what keeps it dissolved.
Derived from the primary sequence KLAKLAK, calculated isoelectric point 10.87, GRAVY -0.071. Check the arithmetic with the peptide property calculator and the freeze-thaw estimator.
Adipotide (FTPP) compared with 5-Amino-1MQ and AOD-9604
Pharmacological class, half-life, evidence grade, competition status and cost per milligram, side by side.
| Compound | Class | Half-life | Evidence | WADA | Cheapest per mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipotidethis page | Experimental Fat Loss | ~2-4 hours (estimated) | DAnimal/Preclinical Only | Not listed | $12.805mg vial, out of stock |
| 5-Amino-1MQ | Metabolic / Fat Loss | Unknown in humans; estimated hours based on animal PK | DAnimal/Preclinical Only | Not listed | $4.3010mg vial |
| AOD-9604 | Metabolic / Fat Loss | ~30 minutes | CPhase I–II Clinical Trials | Prohibited | $7.2010mg vial, out of stock |
| Eloralintide | Weight Loss & Metabolic | Engineered for once-weekly subcutaneous administration | CPhase II Clinical Trials | — | $9.9010mg vial, out of stock |
| SLU-PP-332 | Experimental Exercise Mimetic | Unknown in humans (short in mice, necessitating twice-daily dosing) | DAnimal/Preclinical Only | Not listed | $13.605mg vial, out of stock |
Evidence grades and half-lives are as recorded in the compound database, which cites its own sources on each compound page. Per-milligram prices are the cheapest strength each compound is currently listed at, in US dollars, and an out-of-stock note means that figure is not purchasable today. Cross-trial comparisons of efficacy are not comparisons: no head-to-head trial exists for most of these pairs.
Adipotide (FTPP) in Canada
Price in Canadian dollars, where the parcel ships from, and how long it takes.
Price in CAD
CA$92
The figure charged, not a converted estimate
Ships from
British Columbia
A domestic parcel, so no import clearance step
Transit
2 to 5 business days
After 1 to 2 business days of handling
Free standard shipping
Over CA$250
A bar set for this market, not converted from the US one
Adipotide (FTPP) 5mg ships from British Columbia to Canadian addresses, so the parcel never crosses a border. That removes the failure a Canadian buyer of research peptides is usually weighing: an inbound international shipment can be held for import clearance or seized, and a domestic one has no clearance step to be held at.
Shipping is quoted live against the delivery address at checkout rather than estimated here, and both the standard and express tiers show their price and transit window before a payment method is chosen. The figure the page shows is the figure the rail charges: all three settlement rails price shipping through the same functions the quote does.
The Canadian figure above is not a loose conversion. Each product's US dollar base is chosen so that the live conversion lands on the Canadian shelf price set for this market, and the result is pushed up to a whole dollar rather than left carrying cents, so one figure serves the page, the feed and every payment rail. See the shipping policy for carriers and cut-off times, and the legal position on research peptides in Canada for the regulatory picture.
Adipotide Mechanism of Action
Adipotide does not act on fat cells. It acts on the blood vessels that supply them, and the distinction is the whole design. It is a chimeric peptidomimetic with two halves joined together: a homing sequence, CKGGRAKDC, that binds prohibitin on the surface of endothelial cells in white adipose tissue vasculature, and a pro-apoptotic sequence, KLAKLAK repeated, that disrupts mitochondrial membranes once it is inside a cell.
The homing half is what makes the molecule selective. Prohibitin is expressed on the endothelium of white fat vasculature in a way that allowed a vascular address for adipose tissue to be identified by phage display, and the approach was framed from the outset as targeting a tissue by its blood supply rather than by its parenchymal cells. The pro-apoptotic half is not selective at all: the KLAKLAK motif kills any cell whose mitochondria it reaches, which is why it is inert until the homing sequence delivers it.
The consequence is that adipose tissue is reduced by removing its vascular support rather than by mobilising lipid from adipocytes. That is a fundamentally different mechanism from every other weight-related compound in this catalogue: incretin agonists reduce intake, growth hormone secretagogues alter lipolysis, and this ablates the tissue's blood supply and lets the tissue regress.
Vascular homing
The CKGGRAKDC sequence binds prohibitin displayed on endothelial cells of white adipose tissue vasculature, a vascular address identified by phage display screening.
Internalisation
Binding delivers the conjugate into the endothelial cell, which is the step that confers selectivity, since the killing half has none of its own.
Mitochondrial disruption
The KLAKLAK pro-apoptotic motif disrupts mitochondrial membranes once intracellular, triggering apoptosis of the endothelial cell.
Vascular regression
Loss of the endothelium supplying white adipose tissue removes its blood supply, and the tissue regresses for want of perfusion rather than through lipolysis.
Selectivity is entirely in the address
The killing motif is indiscriminate. Everything that keeps the molecule from harming other tissues depends on the homing sequence binding only where intended.
Adipotide Research Findings
The literature is preclinical and stops in non-human primates. Each entry names its model, and the renal findings are included because they are the reason development did not continue.
Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissue vasculature
The founding study demonstrated that a peptide directed at the vasculature of white fat caused resorption of that tissue and reversed obesity in mice, establishing the vascular targeting principle rather than a metabolic one.
Rodent modelWeight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys
A study in spontaneously obese rhesus monkeys reported weight reduction and improved insulin resistance. Non-human primate data is a materially higher bar than rodent work and is the strongest evidence this compound has.
Non-human primateRenal effects identified in the primate study
The same primate work reported dose-dependent renal effects. The kidney has a dense and prohibitin-expressing vasculature, so this is a predictable consequence of the mechanism rather than an unrelated toxicity, and it is why the approach did not progress.
Non-human primatePublished commentary on the interpretation of the primate results
A published comment in the same journal engaged with how the monkey findings should be read, which is worth noting because the primate study is frequently cited without the accompanying critical discussion.
ObservationalWeight-independent improvement of glucose tolerance
Work with a peptide designed to target adipose tissue reported rapid improvement in glucose tolerance that was not explained by weight change, suggesting the vascular intervention has metabolic consequences beyond tissue loss.
Rodent modelComparison of targeted nanoparticle and bioconjugate approaches
A comparative study of nanoparticle-targeted therapeutics against bioconjugates as obesity medicines placed this class of vascular-targeting agent alongside alternative delivery strategies for the same target tissue.
Rodent modelAnti-angiogenic targeting of adipose vasculature as a general strategy
Work on active targeting systems directed at tumour and adipose tissue vasculature examined the shared principle behind targeting a tissue through its blood supply, which is the framework adipotide belongs to.
In vitroAdipotide Molecular Information
| Class | Chimeric peptidomimetic, a homing sequence conjugated to a pro-apoptotic sequence |
| Homing Sequence | CKGGRAKDC, cyclic, binding prohibitin |
| Pro-apoptotic Sequence | D(KLAKLAK)2, a mitochondrial membrane-disrupting motif |
| Molecular Target | Prohibitin on white adipose tissue vascular endothelium |
| Also Known As | Prohibitin-targeting peptide 1, CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 |
| Mechanism Class | Vascular ablation, not lipolysis or appetite suppression |
| Development Status | Discontinued. Did not progress beyond non-human primate studies |
| Stereochemistry | The pro-apoptotic portion uses D-amino acids to resist proteolysis |
| Appearance | White lyophilised powder |
Targeting a Tissue by Its Address, Not Its Cells
The idea behind adipotide came from a body of work mapping vascular addresses: the observation that the endothelium of different tissues displays different surface proteins, so a tissue can be reached selectively through its blood supply even when its parenchymal cells offer no unique target.
Phage display screening identified prohibitin as such an address for white adipose tissue vasculature. Attaching a killing sequence to a ligand for that address produces a molecule that destroys the endothelium of fat tissue specifically, and the tissue regresses because it loses perfusion.
This is an elegant piece of engineering and it explains why the compound behaves so differently from anything else discussed on this catalogue. It does not make fat cells release lipid and it does not reduce appetite. It removes the tissue's blood supply.
The Kidney Is Where the Strategy Met Its Limit
The primate study that produced the encouraging weight and insulin findings also reported dose-dependent renal effects. That result is the most important thing about this compound and it is frequently omitted from summaries of it.
It is also not a surprise. The molecule's selectivity depends entirely on prohibitin being restricted to the intended endothelium, and the kidney is densely vascularised. A killing motif with no intrinsic selectivity delivered by an address that is not perfectly exclusive will reach tissue it was not meant to reach, and the kidney is the tissue with the most vasculature per gram to lose.
Development did not continue. Reading adipotide as a weight loss compound whose development merely stalled misses that the toxicity was mechanistically predictable rather than incidental.
Why the Non-Human Primate Data Matters More Than Usual
Most compounds in this catalogue have rodent evidence and nothing more. Adipotide reached spontaneously obese rhesus monkeys, which is a substantially higher evidential bar: primate physiology, body composition and vascular biology are far closer to human than a diet-induced obese mouse.
That cuts both ways. It strengthens the efficacy observation and it strengthens the safety observation equally, and the safety observation is the one that ended the programme. A renal signal in primates is a much stronger warning than the same signal in mice would have been.
There is no human trial data. The compound has no approval anywhere, and material supplied for research is for in-vitro laboratory use only.
Handling and Analytical Considerations
This is a chimeric molecule with two functionally distinct halves, and a certificate reporting only a total mass confirms that both are present in one chain but not that the homing sequence is correctly cyclised. The CKGGRAKDC portion contains two cysteines and depends on the disulfide between them for its binding conformation.
A reduced, linear form has a mass two daltons higher than the cyclised form and would be expected to lose target binding while retaining the indiscriminate killing motif. That is the worst possible failure mode for this particular design, and it is not detectable from a purity percentage alone.
Adipotide Research FAQ
Adipotide in Summary
Adipotide is a chimeric peptidomimetic that joins a prohibitin-binding homing sequence to an indiscriminate mitochondrial killing motif. It reduces adipose tissue by ablating the vasculature supplying it rather than by acting on fat cells.
It reached spontaneously obese rhesus monkeys, an unusually high evidential bar for this catalogue, and the same study reported dose-dependent renal effects. Given that its selectivity rests entirely on the homing sequence, that outcome was mechanistically predictable, and development did not continue.
Scientific References
Primary literature and public trial registries only. No supplier or retailer pages are cited.
- 1Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissueKolonin MG, Saha PK, Chan L, Pasqualini R, Arap W · Nature Medicine · 2004
- 2A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeysBarnhart KF, Christianson DR, Hanley PW, et al. · Science Translational Medicine · 2011
- 3Comment on a peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeysCriscione L · Science Translational Medicine · 2012
- 4Rapid and weight-independent improvement of glucose tolerance induced by a peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endotheliumKim DH, Sartor MA, Woods SC, et al. · Diabetes · 2012
- 5A comparative study between nanoparticle-targeted therapeutics and bioconjugates as obesity medicationHossen N, Kajimoto K, Akita H, et al. · Journal of Controlled Release · 2013
- 6Anti-angiogenic nanotherapy via active targeting systems to tumors and adipose tissue vasculatureSakurai Y, Kajimoto K, Harashima H · Biomaterials Science · 2015
Disclaimer
All articles and product information provided on this website are for informational and educational purposes only. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease.
Adipotide (FTPP) 5mg: frequently asked questions
Answered from the product record and the certificate file. Volta does not answer questions about administration, dosing or protocols.
What is supplied in a 5 mg vial of Adipotide?
A sealed single-use vial containing 5 mg of Adipotide (FTPP) as a lyophilized powder. Soluble in bacteriostatic water. No diluent, syringe or other supply is included.
Is Adipotide supplied for human use?
No. For in-vitro laboratory research by qualified professionals only. Not for human or animal administration. Not a drug, food, cosmetic or dietary supplement. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate or prevent any disease. Volta does not provide dosing, administration or protocol guidance for any material listed.
What purity is this Adipotide released to?
>99% by HPLC. That figure is a release specification, a threshold Volta sets for every batch, and it is not the same kind of statement as a purity measured by a named laboratory for a named lot.
Is there a certificate of analysis for this Adipotide vial?
A batch-specific Certificate of Analysis is available for this product on request. It is not published on the site yet: the batch history on the quality page lists the certificates already published, and this vial is covered by the release specification until its own is added there.
How is Adipotide identified?
molecular weight 3,200 g/mol. Those identifiers are what an incoming-goods check compares a certificate against, and they are stated here so the comparison can be made before ordering.
How should Adipotide be stored before reconstitution?
Store lyophilized peptide at -20°C in a dry, dark environment. Reconstitute in bacteriostatic water. Once reconstituted, store at 2-8°C and use within 30 days. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Lyophilized powder is stable at room temperature for shipping and short-term storage.
Where does this ship from?
British Columbia, Canada. Canadian orders are domestic, so they clear no customs and pay no import duty. International orders ship from the same facility.
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