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Compare estimated bioavailability, onset, and duration across different administration routes for common research peptides.
Curves are illustrative approximations, not pharmacokinetic models. Actual profiles depend on formulation, dose, and individual factors.
100%
Immediate
1-2 min
4-6 h
Pro: Full systemic delivery
Con: Clinical setting required
90%
10-20 min
30-60 min
6-8 h
Pro: High absorption, self-administered
Con: Injection site rotation needed
85%
5-15 min
20-45 min
5-7 h
Pro: Faster onset than SubQ
Con: More painful than SubQ
40%
5-10 min
15-30 min
3-5 h
Pro: Non-invasive, rapid onset
Con: Variable absorption
35%
30-60 min
60-90 min
6-10 h
Pro: Gastric-stable peptide, convenient
Con: Lower bioavailability
5%
60+ min
2-4 h
4-8 h
Pro: Non-invasive
Con: Very low penetration for this size
Bioavailability (F) is the fraction of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation unchanged. IV is always 100% by definition and serves as the reference.
Orally administered peptides pass through the GI tract and liver before reaching circulation. Enzymatic degradation and poor membrane permeability drastically reduce oral bioavailability for most peptides.
Subcutaneous injection avoids first-pass metabolism, provides consistent absorption, allows self-administration, and creates a depot for sustained release. This makes it the preferred route for most peptide therapeutics.
The nasal mucosa offers direct access to systemic circulation (bypassing first-pass metabolism) and potential nose-to-brain transport. Absorption varies widely by peptide size and formulation.
Bioavailability estimates are compiled from published literature and are approximate. Actual values depend on formulation, dose, individual physiology, and administration technique. This tool is for educational and research reference purposes only — not medical advice.